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A study of the complexities of narrative criticism in relation to the Bible. It seeks to demystify jargon, explain categories and exemplify techniques.
- Sales Rank: #706396 in Books
- Published on: 1991-01-01
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.50" h x .33" w x 5.51" l, .46 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 140 pages
About the Author
Mark Allan Powell is a Professor of New Testament at Trinity Lutheran Seminary and an internationally recognized theologian and Bible scholar. The author of more than 25 books and 100 articles, Dr Powell has served as a Visiting Professor at universities such as the University of California, Berkeley, Vanderbilt University, and the University of Chicago, as well as at schools in Estonia, Tanzania, and Russia. He is best known for his work in literary criticism, Matthean studies, and historical Jesus studies.
Most helpful customer reviews
22 of 22 people found the following review helpful.
Scripture as story
By Bahij Bawarshi
The first thing to keep in mind is that this excellent volume by Mark Allan Powell, despite its inclusive title, really deals with narrative criticism as applied to the canonical gospels, mainly the synoptic gospels. Powell briefly brings secular literary scholarship into the discussion, but always as background to the development of narrative criticism by biblical scholars and its comparison with other literary critical movements. The second thing is that this is a non-technical, introductory work in which the concepts used by narrative critics are explained simply and clearly, making the book accessible to a wide readership.
Chapter 1, Scripture as Story, shows why the various forms of historical criticism, necessary as they may be, are not sufficient to elicit the meaning of the Gospels, because "they fail to take seriously the narrative character of [these texts]." Powell identifies biblical scholars David Rhoads (for his work on Mark), Jack Dean Kingsbury (Matthew), R. Alan Culpepper (John) and Robert Tannehill (Luke-Acts) as pioneers of the discipline, having "provided the first comprehensive treatments of the New Testament's five narrative books." He introduces one of the important concepts used by narrative critics, that of the implied author, which we will meet repeatedly in the succeeding pages. He then notes the major differences between narrative criticism and historical criticism.
Chapter 2, Ways of Reading, outlines different literary critical methods: Structuralism, rhetorical criticism, several theories of reader-response criticism, and finally narrative criticism. We learn that secular literary scholars, unlike biblical scholars, do not recognize narrative criticism as an independent methodology, but classify it as a variety of reader-response criticism. Powell acknowledges that these two methods may eventually come together. In this chapter, too, he introduces another important concept, that of the implied reader; like implied author, it is a construct of the text (not external to it).
Chapter 3, Story and Discourse, introduces what critics call the evaluative point of view, referring to "the standards of judgment by which readers are led to evaluate the events, characters and settings that comprise the story." Along with implied author and implied reader, it stands out in the analyses we find in the following three chapters. Rhetorical devices discussed here include narration, symbolism, irony, and narrative patterns found in biblical stories.
Chapters 4 - 6 respectively discuss events, characters, and settings, the three major elements of a story, mentioned above. Powell presents the narrative understanding of several constituent parts of each element. Thus, Events is broken down into sections on order, duration, causation, conflict, and so forth. Under Characters we meet such topics as character traits, empathy, sympathy, and antipathy. Settings are described as spatial, temporal, and social. The high points of these chapters, indeed of the whole book, are extended applications of the preceding categories in the form of case studies. The case study of Chapter 4 (Events) is The Plot of Matthew, an altogether fine effort by Powell, especially the conflict analysis and the conclusions. The case study of Chapter 5 (Characters) is The Religious Leaders in the Synoptic Gospels, where Powell explains the different ways the Gospels treat the subject. The basic quality ascribed to the religious authorities in Mark is that they are without authority; in Matthew, that they are evil; in Luke, that they are self-righteous and, therefore, unloving. The final case study is Settings in the Gospel of Mark. I found the analysis of Mark's use of time (temporal setting) particularly revealing.
Chapter 7, the last before the Appendix, in some ways mirrors the first. The title is reversed - here it is Story as Scripture - and the ending refers to Matthew 13:52, as does the very first sentence of the book. This surely is intentional literary design. In between title and ending, Powell discusses the advantages and limitations of narrative criticism, answers some objections concerning it, again brings up its relation to historical investigation, before concluding that it provides only one of several keys to the correct interpretation of biblical texts.
Finally, an Appendix lists a set of questions to aid in the exegesis of single pericopes (rather than an entire Gospel) under the headings of (again) Events, Characters, and Settings, and a further heading, Overall Interpretation. Most questions end with page numbers that refer us back to the main discussions, thus serving as excellent reminders.
I recommend this slim, informative volume to all readers who want to know what "scripture as story" is all about.
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
interesting book, poorly produced ebook by publisher
By Ronald W Holman
This is a well written book which the publisher did a poor job of producing as a Kindle ebook. The footnotes aren't accessible as a hyperlink which greatly reduces the readers access to the footnotes with their citations and information. I personally would rather have the hard copy of the book without this feature available as an ebook.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Helpful: Great Introduction to an Important Subject in Hermeneutics. Resourceful
By Amazon Customer
This book is a great introduction to a subject that is important for hermeneutics. Mark Allen Powell outlines many of the key elements involved with narrative criticism and gives a compelling presentation of it's importance in biblical interpretation. His explanations are very clear and the examples he gives are illuminating. While it is detailed, it is also short, covering only about a hundred pages.
The following is a summary of this text, in case you find it helpful.
In Chapter 1, Powell begins by discussing a perceived need for more literary approaches to studying scripture (particularly the gospels) as the historical-critical methods do not attend to the narrative character of the texts. He also outlines the theoretical framework of narrative criticism, introducing important concepts such as the "implied author" that is presupposed by the text and is differentiated from the actual author who composed the text. This differentiation helps clarify some interpretive issues.
Chapter 2 differentiates narrative criticism from other forms of literary criticism such as structuralism and rhetorical criticism. The most interesting topic in this chapter is the discussion on various reader-response criticisms and their controversies. A most interesting appeal is narrative criticism's employment of the "implied reader" which is presupposed by the text.
Chapter 3 discusses the "discourse" of a narrative, referring to "how the story is told" and includes the point of view the reader is invited to adopt. Another important feature of a narrative's discourse is how the narrator is presented (e.g., first person, reliable) and she uses her voice.
Chapters 4, 5, and 6 discuss in detail the elements of events, characters, and settings within narrative, respectively, and how attention to them can help understand a given text. Perhaps the most helpful and interesting parts of these chapters are the examples used as they apply to the gospels. I will, here, briefly mention two things that I found most interesting.
First, towards the end of chapter 5, Powell reflects how the antipathy towards the religious leaders in Matthew's gospel have historically justified (or aroused) hostility towards the Jews. Powell writes:
"From the perspective of narrative criticism, however, such a reading represents a gross example of the referential fallacy and completely misses the point of the story. The religious leaders in Matthew's narrative do not `stand for' any real people in the world outside the story, but are constructs of the implied author defined to fulfill a particular role in the story. ...their current function as characters in a story are not referential but poetic" (66).
Of course, there is more to this discussion, but the comment seems interesting and noteworthy.
Second, in chapter 6 Powell talks about the relevance of "time" as part of the setting of a story and then introduces the concept of "monumental time", attributed to Paul Ricoeur. Monumental time is a grand perspective of time itself that is included in the narrative. For instance, when the events in the narrative have a `cosmic significance', such as when the apocalyptic significance of the events in the gospels, or when Mark depicts events as being in the "middle of time."
In chapter 7, Powell discusses the benefits of narrative criticism, interpretive as well as spiritual and ecclesiological. One interesting benefit is narrative criticism's ecumenical appeal, suggesting that a narrative approach offers differing communities opportunities to engage in discussion. Powell also outlines several critiques of narrative criticism, offering a short reply to each. In concluding the chapter Powell suggests that "revelation" not be merely a part of recorded history but also something that happens within a reader's interaction with scripture.
I would like to add that the significance of narrative criticism is not merely in how it exploits the narrative quality of texts, but also how it may address the narrative character of human knowing. Humans exhibit a narrative epistemology. Perhaps that is radical position and certainly goes beyond the scope of the book, however I do think it is worth mentioning.
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