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One Jesus, Many Christs : How Jesus Inspired Not One True Christianity, but Many, by Gregory J. Riley
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In this exciting volume, Riley reveals that from the beginning there was not just one true Christianity, but many different Christianities. United by passionate allegiance to Jesus as Hero, these early, doctrinally diverse Christianities have led to the development of many different kinds of Christian churches among us today. Riley shows that early Christianity harbored major doctrinal differences about all aspects of Jesus' life, death, resurrection, and divinity. This book provides not only a whole new understanding of the nature of earliest Christianity, but it also conveys a vital message for today about what Christian faith is really about. Riley reveals the authentic character of Christianity as inherently pluralistic and tolerant of diverse ideas while passionately centered in Jesus.
- Sales Rank: #1128418 in Books
- Published on: 2000-09-01
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.39" h x .55" w x 5.44" l, .73 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 240 pages
From Library Journal
In this work, Riley (New Testament, Claremont Sch. of Theology) carries forward the impetus of his previous work in demonstrating the diversity of beliefs by early Christians as exemplified in the writings of Thomas and John. The thesis of the present work is that the compelling center and consensus of early Christian belief about Jesus lay not so much in agreement about any particular belief regarding Jesus' ethnic or ontological origins (his Jewishness or divinity), nor even in any shared view that might require assent to a doctrinal commitment. Rather, what made Christianity so resilient was the commitment of its adherents to the notion that "Jesus was their hero." Riley explicates the notion of Jesus as hero on the basis of literary analogies drawn from the role of other heroes in different stories of (mainly Greek) antiquity. This well-argued work is richly illustrated with literary connections between biblical and Greek portrayals of heroic traits and makes what will probably prove to be a significant contribution to the quest for an explanation of the rise of early Christian notions of Jesus. Well suited to educated lay readers and highly recommended for theological research libraries.?Robert H. O'Connell, Denver, Col.
Copyright 1997 Reed Business Information, Inc.
From Kirkus Reviews
An insightful portrayal of Jesus as a classical hero-martyr, by New Testament scholar Riley (School of Theology, Claremont). The first half of the book is a quick romp through Greco-Roman heroic literature, but with a point: Riley argues that Jesus had a lot in common with familiar figures like Hercules and Achilles. The classical heroes claimed a mix of divine-human parentage, usually with a virgin human mother and a god for a father; they possessed some remarkable or even miraculous skill; they had divine enemies and were hated by powerful humans; they died, often young and violently, as martyrs for a principle; and their deaths powerfully transformed other people's lives through emulation. Jesus fits the bill perfectly, Riley argues, because the Gospel writers had obtained a classical education, which meant that they were thoroughly steeped in heroic lore. Early converts readily embraced Christianity's message, despite tremendous penalty from a hostile Roman government, because it captured the heroic formula that peasants had heard recited and then memorized. The second half of the book drives home this point about the source of Christianity's popularity. Riley demonstrates that it certainly wasn't doctrine that attracted the masses, since the earliest apostles couldn't agree on the most basic tenets of the faith. Dozens of sects arose in different cities, all claiming to be the religion of the risen Christ (though whether he had risen in spirit or body was itself a subject of heated debate). What they could agree on was that Jesus was a hero and that they, as martyrs for the faith, could become heroes themselves. Such faithfulness constituted the religion of Christ into the fourth century, which witnessed the conversion of Constantine and the great creedal controversies. Written in a refreshingly easygoing style, this new view of why Jesus' radical message spread so rapidly is clearly aimed at a mainstream audience. -- Copyright ©1997, Kirkus Associates, LP. All rights reserved.
Review
"As the ancient imagination moved up or down the Great Chain of Being, it knew of gods, spirits, heroes, and humans. But where did Jesus fit into that range with all its porous interfaces? One Jesus, Many Christs argues that Greco-Roman paganism understood Jesus as hero, as a divine-human being, from his miraculous conception, through his paradigmatic life, to his heavenly ascension. But what model of such divine-human conjunctions was most appropriate for Jesus? Was it Sarpedon, Herakles, Asklepios, or Dionysus? And was he one among many or one among all? In this powerful, provocative, and persuasive book, Greg Riley challenges us to see Jesus in those first Christian centuries as believers argue him up and down that hierarchy of being." -- John Dominic Crossan, author of The Historical Jesus
"For centuries, those writing about Jesus have asked, what can he mean to us? Finally, in this profound and graceful work, Riley asks the obvious question: what did Jesus mean to them? How was the Christ story understood by pagans? Riley shows that Jesus fulfilled every aspect of the classical Hero, and that the extraordinary prospect he held out to ordinary men and women was to become Heroes too. The answer surely is correct, for the question does not concern theology--this is not another search for the real Jesus--it is a question of history." -- Rodney Stark, author of The Rise of Christianity
Most helpful customer reviews
22 of 26 people found the following review helpful.
A broad comparison of Jesus Christ with Graeco-Roman heroes
By Barnabus
Gregory Riley's contribution to the growing debate about one way to God or many ways to God demonstrates that the paradigms which the New Testament writers drew upon as they wrote about Jesus of Nazareth trace some of their origins to the heroes of the Graeco-Roman world. Though the overall approach of the book does not seem to me to describe "many Christs", "Christ" being the technical word for "anointed one" or "messiah", he makes it very plain that in Jesus of Nazareth we find a historical figure who commanded the respect, adoration, and the desire by many to emulate Jesus as a heroic figure and define their own understanding of true heroism in indvidual Christians. This desire has produced a living movement, the church, and its core beliefs, which have given deep meaning to the struggles of life, suffering, death, and life after death.
6 of 7 people found the following review helpful.
Jesus Wins in the End
By Readalots
Professor Gregory Riley's "One Jesus, Many Christs" (2001, 228 paperback) attempts to presents a first century classical view of Jesus of Nazareth. The book's scholarship is apparent and well documented with the helpful in-the-text style referencing.
Riley basic premise is that the world of late antiquity (roughly Jesus' era) was replete with heroes and "Christs" ("Messiah's" for Jews). He presents a fascinating study of ancient world heroes.
He compares Jesus to Achilles, parallels Hesiod's narrative with the Nazarene's, equates Oedipus to Job, introduces Elysium (similar to the Testamental "Heaven") as the post life heroic abode, and compares Jesus' movement to the Greeks' adoration for the god Asclepius. In the end, the Jesus movement wins.
Hercules' and Hermes' origins in Grecian schools of thought are thoroughly explained. From this background Riley suggests Jesus as a "classical hero" with "cosmic destiny" (page 81). One wonders why the Hebrew concept of "Messiah" is not also considered?
Riley offers plenty of fuel for thought: God's destruction of Palestine (presumably by the Romans of AD 70) is the result of divine revenge for killing Jesus and the martyrs (page 86), Jesus' passion and trial show his character (page 87), and early Christianity's most radical, and unique, claim was the eternal promise for everyone, not just heroes (page 93).
Although Riley quotes the Bible extensively (with a 2-page "Biblical Citations" index) the book reads like an ancient Greek world primer. The book is interesting and helpful, but it fails to fulfill the expectation presented by its title. (A better title might be: "Jesus and the Greeks" or "Jesus as Olympian".) This text needs less Grecian recovery and more New Testament discovery.
This book is recommended to all students of ancient Greece, mythology buffs, classical scholars, and those already biblically well read.
25 of 28 people found the following review helpful.
Strong argument for Christian diversity
By William H. DuBay
The Kirkus review above gives a good description of the book. The author, Gregory Riley, is a professor at Claremont College in California. He provides a good history of Greek and Jewish legends, along with the details of how they could have affected early Christian writers. He also shows the development of dualistic and Hellenistic beliefs (body-soul and God-Satan) in the late Old Testament and New Testament writers. I would also mention Riley's emphasis on the diversity of early Christianity (which was lost for the most part in the 4th Century when Constantine took over the church and imposed uniformity, and which was regained again in the Protestant Reformation in the 16th Century). What Riley might have ignored is the intense, often bloody rivalries between Christian sects, then and now. As Garry Wills mentions in "Papal Sin," there is evidence that Peter and Paul were fingered by a rival Christian group as instigators of the burning of Rome, resulting in their execution. Christians--and members of all religions--will find diversity and harmony difficult as long as they are committed to the idea of absolute truth.
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